The most common pathologic correlate is anti–glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies (It has been associated with a wide range of neurologic diseases).
Additional possible pathophysiologic etiologies in patients negative for GAD antibody include postsynaptic elements such as synaptophysin, amphiphysin, gephyrin, and GABA-transaminase.
It is also associated with a number of non-neurologic diseases, including diabetes mellitus and thyroiditis.
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